Cosbys Ebonics :: essays research papers

Cosby on EbonicsIn 1996, the Oakland School District proposed the inclusion of what is known as "Ebonics" into its curriculum. Ebonics, or Black language, has been referred to in different ways over the years "African American Vernacular English," "Pan-African Communication Behaviors," "African Language Systems," or "West and Niger-Congo African Language Systems." By both name, Ebonics, when studied over the years, has been proven to be a real language with its own phonology, syntax, morphology, sentence patterns, and double interpretations of words. The pattern that Ebonics speakers in the United States speak is extremely similar to the patterns seen in both the Caribbean Creole and the West African languages. No one would have thought that comedian Bill Cosby would have an opinion on this subject, but as I read through essay I realized the logic and validatedity behind his paper.In his essay Bill Cosby states that, "Ebonics be a comp lex issue," and it is, also he feels that it should non be taught in schools without studying the problems that could grow from teaching "an urbanized version of the English language." Cosby has a PhD in education, which increases his credibility. Cosby, being a black man, should not affect how his essay is read but it may be an issue to some. His use of humor makes the subject easier to handle and the entire piece more interesting. There is always a serious way and a lighter way to address any problem that affects galore(postnominal) people and Cosbys choice to use humor makes more sense considering who he is in the public eye. Ebonics is a difficult issue to deal with, and Cosby makes a valid point that it should not be taught in school. Cosbys credibility is not weakened because of his PhD in education if nothing else it is heightened. Being that he has this degree, he is more believably to obtain all the facts before forming a strong opinion on the subject. Havin g to teach Ebonics to anyone and everyone would be a problem and some people may not want to learn a new version of the language that has been taught for how many years. Cosbys education creates a feel of an improve person making an educated opinion, not just anyone with a personal opinion. A black man has just as much authority to discuss Ebonics as a light or Asian-American person. Just because Cosby is black does not affect the way Ebonics would be encountered in everyday occurrences.

Gun Control: Opposing the Removal of Guns from American Citizens Essay

Because of many incidents involving handguns, and any other type of gun, the government has been trying to push a gun ban law. As a result of this rumor and possible law, thither have been numerous outbursts of support and resistance. Some pack believe that banning firearms would be a benefit to our nations safety and its populations safety, while others oppose this proposal and say that guns are not the ones that need to be controlled, people should be the ones that are controlled. During this decision, people from different organizations have expressed their own views and thoughts. hoagie control has both positive and negative effects on U.S. citizens.Some organizations report that the removal of firearms bequeath reduce crime rates, deaths, and injuries from guns(Handgun Control Debate). An organization known as The Brady Center says that the Second Amendment does not state that people can carry and own handguns and be protected by its laws(Handgun Control Debate). The B rady Center also argues that if a larger amount of guns are available to a childs reach, there leave be more injuries and fatalities among minorities, so they are also trying to present laws and proposals that will protect children from handgun injuries(Handgun Control Debate).Claire Safran states that in Seattle, Washington, guns are plentiful and that there could be more deaths and injuries in that city than others because of the amount of illegal handguns in the city that owned by gangs and criminal organizations(Roleff, 17). Carl T. Bogus, a visiting professor at Rutgers University School of Law Enforcement in Camden, New Jersey says that private ownership of guns is hazardous to American citizens safety, and suggests that all handguns should be o... ...As we know it, this law on either protecting gun rights or taking them and the guns away will surely change the United States future.Works CitedCold Comfort A interrogate With John R. Lott. Lynch, Michael W., and Jacob Sullu m. Reason. 3 Dec. 2009. .Elder, Larry. More Gun Control, Please Capitalism Magazine. 24 Oct. 2002. 1 Dec. 2009. Gun Control. Encyclopedia4U. 2005. 1 Dec. 2009. Handgun Control Debate. Awesome Library. 1 Dec. 2009. Roleff, Tamara L., ed. Gun Control Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1997.

Distance Education Essay -- Essays Papers

Distance Education Distance learning is a form of education in which the instructor and student be separated. As advances in technology rapidly progress, the interest in distance education has grown as well and has thus become more common. engineering science has given this kind of learning numerous possibilities. There are various forms of distance education used alone or in combination. These technologies provide many another(prenominal) opportunities for education, but not with out a few restrictions. There is a wide range of technological options for delivering information to the distance learner. There are many different forms of communication and media to contain course material and to overcome physical distance of the teacher and student. These methods include various types of voice, video, data, and print. nurtureal audio tools include audio-conferencing, tapes, and radio. Instruction is delivered through lectures and discussions. Tapes and r adio allow the student to listen to lectures one way, whereas audio-conferencing allows students to participate and interact with others. Audio tools allow access to the learner from their choice of location however, with audio-conferencing on that point is usually a scheduled time for discussions. Another form of distance education is visual learning. This includes broadcast video recording and compressed video systems. Broadcast television delivers distance education by sending analog or digital audio and video signals by microwave relay over short distances or by satellite over longer distances (Ludlow and Duff 13). Television broadcasts can be used for one-way video and audio presentations. This can also be used in conjunction with by audio conferencing in which the stude... ...cators and institutions to examine the positives and negatives involved (Ludlow and Duff 10). Works CitedClark, Tom and David Else. Distance Education, Electronic Networking, and School Policy. Bloomington, inch Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. 1998. Cox, Lois. A Descriptive Analysis of the Opinions of College Students and FacultyToward Distance Learning. Diss. U of Dayton, 1997. Feyten, Carine M. and Joyce W. Nutta. Vitrual Instruction Issues and Insights from and International Perspective. Englewood, Colorado Libraries Unlimited, Inc. 1999.Ludlow, Barbara L. and Michael C. Duff. Distance Education and Tomorrows Schools. Bloomington, inch Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. 1998. Mood, Terry Ann. Distance Education. Englewood, Colorado 1995. 3 Nov. 2001. http//emedia.netlibrary.com/reader.

James Joyces Araby - The Ironic Narrator of Araby Essay -- Joyce Dubl

The Ironic Narrator of  Araby    Although James Joyces story Araby is told from the first per-son sales booth of its young protagonist, we do not receive the impression that a boy tells the story. Instead, the narrator seems to be a man matured well beyond the get laid of the story. The mature man reminisces about his youthful hopes, desires, and frustrations. More than if a boys mind had reconstructed the events of the story for us, this particular way of telling the story enables us to get the picture clearly the torment youth experiences when ideals, concerning both sacred and earthly love, are destroyed by a suddenly unclouded view of the substantial world. Because the man, sort of than the boy, recounts the experience, an ironic view can be presented of the institutions and persons surrounding the boy. This ironic view would be impossible for the immature, emotionally involved mind of the boy himself. Only an big(p) looking back at the high hopes of foolish bl ood and its resultant destruction could account for the ironic viewpoint. Throughout the story, however, the narrator consistently maintains a skillful sensitivity to his youthful anguish. From first to last we sense the reality to him of his earlier idealistic dream of beauty. The opening paragraph, setting the scene, prepares us for the view we receive of the remainder between the loveliness of the ideal and the drabness of the actual. Descri... ...rious wares, is tended by uncaring people who leave him even more alone than he had been before the young chick who should have waited on him ignores him to joke with two young men. The young ladys inane remarks to the young men have a ring in the memory of the mature narrator reminiscent of his adored ones remarks. Both are concerned with the material, the crass. The narrator can, with his backward look, supply us with two apprehensions one, the fully remembered, and and then fully felt, anguish of a too sudden realization of the disparity between a youthful dream of the mystic beauty of the world and his actual world and two, the irony implicit in a view that can see the dream itself as a vanity.  

Confession, Exploration and Comfort in Upon the Burning of Our House by Anne Bradstreet :: Upon the Burning of Our House

Confession, Exploration and Comfort in Upon the Burningof Our House The theological concept of humankinds inherent depravity created tension in the lives of seventeenth century New England puritans. The Puritans believed that humans were born sinful and remained in this condition doneout life. This doctrine stressed self-discipline and introspection, through which the Puritan want to determine whether particular spiritual strivings were genuine marks of true religiosity. God preordained cullion to heaven, and some Puritans would be saved through the righteousness of Jesus rescuer despite their sins. There was no certainty in this life what eternal destiny awaited because the knowledge of who was elect was a divine mystery. The experience of conversion, where the soul, moved(p) by the Holy Spirit, is turned from sinfulness to holiness, was at least some indication of election. Although full assurance might never be attained, the conviction of having been elect by God fortified the Puritans to contend with the hardships of creating a community of Christ in the New World. This fundamental knowledge of personal depravity, the essence of Puritan theology, created an zephyr of constant introspection in a cyclical battle with worldly sin always ending with the acknowledged depravity. The awareness of Gods preordained elect few did not inhibit the perseverance all Puritans applied to acknowledge depravity and to try and overcome sinfulness. This concept of depravity as the cornerstone of Puritan faith became a central theme in Puritan writing. Poet Anne Bradstreet wrote about her life and how her trials ever urged her to continue her self-inspection in an effort to attempt to subdue the coarse desires of this world. The Puritan dogma of introspection created a framework for literary confession in the poem Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1666. This framework freed Anne Bradstreet to fully explore her beliefs without channel challenge to authority thu s she both remains within and steps outside of traditional Puritan beliefs, ultimately allowing her to find solace and comfort in the promise of heavenly reward. In the poem Upon the Burning of Our House Anne Bradstreet exemplifies the normal Puritan lifestyle of tension, although tempered with an allusion of hopefulness not usual in Puritan theology. scuttle with an image of sleep, the poem alerts the reader to what would be considered a moral lapse by Bradstreet, for she was not being ever watchful for sin. The notion of millenialism, to go through life as though the second coming of Christ was imminent, meant that a Puritan was always prepared for the judgement day.

Cause of Homosexuality Essay -- Gay Lesbian Homosexual Papers

What exactly is a homosexual? It is a person sexually attracted to a person of their own sex. Why do people become homosexuals? This is a question that has been asked ever since the first homosexual person came out of the closet. peck do not choose to become homosexuals. There has never been a proven theory of why people become homosexuals. There are 3 theories that try to explain why people become homosexuals, they are the Biological theory, Psychiatric theory, and the Sociological theory.(Thio, 211) The Biological theory is broken down into three distinct parts. The first one is the hormone theory which kingdoms that homosexual men have a low level of male sex hormones and a homosexual female have a low level of female sex hormones.(IBID, 211) the second one is the genetic theory. The genetic theory states that people are born unfearing and society only helps their queerness advance. Researchers announced that there is even a gay gene.(Nardo, 66) The last Biolog ical theory is the brain theory. The brain theory states that a person who has a smaller brain is most likely going to be gay.(Thio, 211) The Psychiatric theory has evolved through many different thoughts more or less what is homosexuality. At first, psychiatrists thought that it was a mental illness. After it was proven not to be an illness many assumed that homosexuals were going through sexual orientation disturbance. Psychiatrists helped gays to accept themselves as being homosexuals. Another psychiatric theory was that homosexuals had a bad parent-son relationship when they were growing up.(IBID) The last theories are the Sociological theories. Sociological theories state that society affects a persons sexual preference. The biological predisp... ...ause he was not open about his sexuality.(www6) The same thing happened with Ellen DeGeneres. She was famous and she came out of the closet. She was the first gay leadership character in a series. Her ratings were hi gh even though having a gay leading character was unusual. As people were overexposed to it her ratings dropped and her show ended.(www4)My thesis was scathe because teenage boys do not become homosexuals because of the nurturing of society. The nurturing of society helps the teens with a biological predisposition decide whether they want to express themselves freely or hide themselves to subjugate humiliation. In the case of Anne Heche since her father died because he kept his sexuality a secret she decided not to keep hers a secret. Also, because the school that Greg went to accepted homosexuality he felt more open to expose his sexuality.(Nardo, 72)

Cause of Homosexuality Essay -- Gay Lesbian Homosexual Papers

What exactly is a homosexual? It is a person sexually attracted to a person of their own sex. Why do people become homosexuals? This is a question that has been asked ever since the frontmost homosexual person came out of the closet. People do not choose to become homosexuals. There has never been a proven theory of why people become homosexuals. There are three theories that refine to explain why people become homosexuals, they are the Biological theory, Psychiatric theory, and the Sociological theory.(Thio, 211) The Biological theory is broken down into three different parts. The first one is the hormone theory which states that homosexual men suck in a low level of male sex hormones and a homosexual female have a low level of female sex hormones.(IBID, 211) the second one is the genetic theory. The genetic theory states that people are born gay and guild only helps their homosexuality advance. Researchers announced that there is even a gay gene.(Nardo, 66) The last Biological theory is the brain theory. The brain theory states that a person who has a smaller brain is most likely going to be gay.(Thio, 211) The Psychiatric theory has evolved through many different thoughts about what is homosexuality. At first, psychiatrists thought that it was a mental illness. After it was proven not to be an illness many assumed that homosexuals were going through sexual orientation disturbance. Psychiatrists helped gays to get hold of themselves as being homosexuals. Another psychiatric theory was that homosexuals had a bad parent-son relationship when they were growing up.(IBID) The last theories are the Sociological theories. Sociological theories state that alliance affects a persons sexual preference. The biological predisp... ...ause he was not open about his sexuality.(www6) The same thing happened with Ellen DeGeneres. She was famous and she came out of the closet. She was the first gay leading theatrical role in a series. Her rating s were high even though having a gay leading character was unusual. As people were overexposed to it her ratings dropped and her show ended.(www4)My thesis was wrong because immature boys do not become homosexuals because of the nurturing of society. The nurturing of society helps the teens with a biological predisposition decide whether they want to express themselves freely or hide themselves to avoid humiliation. In the case of Anne Heche since her father died because he kept his sexuality a secret she decided not to keep hers a secret. Also, because the school that Greg went to accepted homosexuality he felt more open to expose his sexuality.(Nardo, 72)

Hcs 325 Week 2 Effective Communication Paper

Effective Communication Paper Your figure of speech HCS/325 March 29, 2011 Instructor name Any organization large or small depends on the hard work of its employees to be successful. This is why communication is vital to the organization. With communication, employees stop coordinate their efforts with opposite employees and managers to make their hard work seem almost effortless. One of the biggest reasons a comp any fails is in impressive communication among employees as substantially as supervisors and upper management.If the mental faculty has non been made aw ar that there is a goal to attain, they certainly stoolnot contribute to accomplishing it. Several methods of communication exist to efficiently communicate within any organization. In my organization, emails messages argon largely used to communication inside and outside of the organization. Although, email is somewhat in mastermindal, it is the quickest and most effective method of sending and receiving messages a nd they can also be considered a formal method of communication, depending on the contents and whether or not there is any formal correspondence attached.Email can involve one-to-one communication, but it also supports one-to-many transmissions in which the same message can be sent to lists of people (Reddick and King, 200124). Scheduling conferences and meetings, changing policies and procedures, keeping employees and stave apprised of any changes, and sending and receiving formal documents are just a few of the things email is used for in my organization. Email also works tremendously well when collaborating on a project. However, emails should only be used for quick messages or communication among staff members.While the majority of the employees in my organization rely on email messages and the internet to communicate with co-workers and other staff members, face-to-face communication is still a popular method of communication in my workplace. Regardless of how effective email m essages are, they cannot replace the immediacy and closeness of people communicating face-to-face. Eye contact facial expressions and the tone in ones voice are important when communicating face-to-face with another individual and influence the means the message is interpreted.However, with all this in mind, face-to-face is not the most effective way to communicate in my organization. Communicating face-to-face does pose some challenges for select employees when receiving information, especially in the form of a delegated task. Oftentimes, when a task is delegated to these select employees, it is not completed or completed in the wrong way. With face-to-face communication, the sender has to be sure they are clear and concise in the way they are conveying the message, as well as be fully aware of their body language and tone.The receiver of information also has to have good interpretation skills in order to decipher what the message actually is. For effective communication, a sende r transmits his or her message in a clear and organized form to maintain and promote the need and interest of the receivers. Receivers or listeners show interest only if the person communicating is loaded with confidence, gestures and softness. Apart from management professionals, good communication skills are also required at all stages of life (WordPress, 2011).The use of email also presents challenges when communicating effectively. One must consider that there bequeath technical difficulties such as risking that the email might not reach its destination or the proper recipient, risking that the recipient might misinterpret the information on the email message and that ease of using emails may decrease the accuracy of the information. In addition, when messages do go out with in decline information, it is difficult to immediately correct due to the rapid distribution of the email.One might say that my organization clearly fits the description of a boundaryless organization very well, especially since we communicate mainly through virtual methods such as email messages and sometimes through telephone and voicemail messages. Perhaps making small adjustments like working in smaller teams or units to accomplish short term goals and specific projects might help achieve the long term goals quicker. In addition, tasks might be easier to delegate as well as follow. Virtual meetings such as teleconferences and video chats might be a useful addition o communicate effectively in such a large organization. An organizations success cannot be achieved without excellent communication among team members. The greatest leaders set the tone and bring up an environment for team members to reach their individual potential (Adubato, 2010). References Email. (2005). In Key Concepts in Journalism Studies. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com/entry/sageukjour/email Adubato, S. (2010). Communication is key to effective mail team building. njbiz, 23(27), 9. WordPress. ( 2011). Good communication skills. Retrieved from http//www. goodcommunicationskills. net/

Narayan Murthy’s Retirement Speech Essay

Different hatful run out of endurance and intellectual horse author at different points of clip. Some people drop out of the marathon since they do not see any value in an organization when their own time under the arc swooning is over. A leaders responsibility is to recognize this, provide them opportunities outside the organization, and usher in suitable replacements. Infosys journey is replete with some such examples. The content of leadership Many intelligent people possess a high ego and low patience to deal with people less capable than themselves.Leaders have to manage this anomaly very c arfully counsel these errant people from time to time, and allow them to operate as long as they do not become dysfunctional and start harming the organization. If they do cross the threshold it takes courage to inform the individuals that their time in the organization is over and that they have to leave. However, wiz panorama that marks out a truly superior organization is the tyco on of its employees at all levels to be driven by values and to visit adherence and compliance under any circumstance.No individual is high or important enough for an organization to put up with non compliance. Leadership by example is what creates trust in people to prosecute a leader. As long as a leader is able to show his or her give way and commitment to a cause others result follow him or her I am glad we decided on respect from our stakeholders (customers, employees, investors, vendor, partners, government of the land and the society) as the primary objective of the high society. I have seen hundreds of instances of such leadership-by-example at Infosys.A sense of ownership among employees is extremely important to build a long bound future for a corporation. Such ownership comes from fair merit based and generous sharing of wealth and perquisites among each member of the company. This is my answer to many of my friends who interview why when Infosys was founded I took a small percentage of my earlier salary while every other cofounders salary was increased by at least 10 per cent. The same friends tell me that they do not know of any other instance where as much as 10 to 15 per cent of the company equity was given to co-founders who had just 12 to 18 months of work experience.I do not know of any Indian company that has given away as much as Rs 50,000 crore (at current stock prices) of stock options to employees. Today every Indian employee at every level who join us on or before March 2010 is a stockholder of Infosys. The point I would like to make is that such acts demonstrate that our leaders walked the splatter in sacrifice and commitment. Strategy is about ensuring sustained specialty m a changing environment for better earnings income margins Differentiation without better net income margins is meaningless.In my opinion operating margins and earnings before taxes depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) are not appropriate measures. In f act the trump out measure of differentiation is the per capita free cash flow generated. Such cash flows bring cash to invest in better people research and development infrastructure provision and better customer and employee confidence The famous Harvard historian Niall Ferguson says in his book Civilization The West and the Rest that the six attributes that have made Western cultivation dominant during the last volt hundred years are ompetition, science, property rights, medicine, consumption and a well-behaved work ethic. I have been saying for many years now that the factors that differentiate a corporation from its competitors are an enduring value system open mindedness, pluralistic and meritocratic approach and practicing speed, imagination and duty in execution. Leaders have to focus on creating such an environment. The Essence of Leadership Leadership is about taking bold and firm decisions with incomplete tuition in an environment of uncertainty Leaders who waffle do not inspire confidence in their people.It is important to use as much information and modeling as possible to eliminate clearly bad decisions. My decision to walk away from a Fortune 10 company when they contributed 25 % of our revenue enhancement was one such example of decision making under uncertainty. It was a tough decision that was taken so firmly and calmly that the head of sales at Infosys at that time thought I was not bothered about the future of the company I had to explain to him that I did therefore agonize over it but that as a leader I could not be driven by panic since such an important decision need a calm and composed mind.Every leader must have a mental model of his or her business with at best five to seven parameters that determine sensitivity to revenue and net income. It is important to update that model suitably as the business landscape changes. Any leader who cannot promptly do such sensitivity calculation would not be able to take quick and bold de cisions. Even today I carry and update the mental model of our business in my mind. Generosity is an essential part of a leader. It is the foundation on which teamwork is built.The ability to share the limelight with ones colleagues, the ability to gradation aside and give opportunity to younger people when they want that fame, power and glory and the ability to provide a safety net of advice for them is an important aspect of volumeening the future of an organization. It is not easy to give up power, especially when you have been the object of so much adulation. I must say that Infosys has through a good job in bringing two such transitions before I leave the portals of this company. What Makes an Organization Worldclass Scalability is the true test of the endurance of an organization. The ability to grow successfully without losing quality productivity employee investor and customer satisfaction and the spirit of a small company is what makes Infosys a great company. We have gro wn from 50 customers to 620 customers from 10 projects to 6,500 projects from 100 employees to 130,820 employees from 100 sq ft to 28 million sq ft of built up space and from 100 investors to over 450,000 investors. Such a scalability example has been successful thanks to our PSPD model of operation.PSPD stands for Predictability of revenues, Sustainability of such predictability, Profitability of such realized revenues and Derisking. Predictability happens because of a good forecasting system that derives realistic data from the trenches and tempers it with the wisdom of ripened business leaders. Sustainability refers to the systems that help the efforts of sales people beating the pavement and meeting customers to make the prediction true, the efforts of our delivery people to deliver quality products on time within budgets, and to the efforts of our finance people raising the invoice on time and collecting money on time.Profitability refers to the systems that help our people m ake value-based sales, follow rigorous budgeting exercises, control costs, get best value for money and ensure the agreed-upon profitability. Derisking refers to systems that identify risks in various dimensions of our operations people, geographies, technologies, application areas and services collect biyearly data, review the risk levels and mitigate them. Innovation is the best instrument for creating sustained differentiation.However it must be accepted that revenues for a corporation come from surface understood ideas and business models. For example, most of a banks revenues will come from borrowing money at a certain rate and add it at a higher rate. Part of the profits from such models will be used for research and development to generate new ideas. A a couple of(prenominal) of these ideas will be seeded and some of them will become mainstream revenue earners. Therefore, it is very important for a leader to focus on innovation particularly when the times are good.Custo mers put food on our table. Therefore, we have to have a laser focus on exceeding their expectations, being open and effective with them, and ensuring that they look good in front of their customers. Employees are the only instruments we have to make our customers and investors succeed. Therefore, we have to create an environment of openness, meritocracy fairness, transparency, honesty and accountability amongst our employees. Our investors understand that businesses will have their share of up and downs.They want us, the management, to level with them at all times. Therefore, when in doubt, please disclose is a good policy for a corporation. inn provides customers, employees, investors, bureaucrats and politicians. Therefore, earning the goodwill of every society that we operate in is extremely important for us. Global benchmarking is a powerful instrument that helps us to improve our self-confidence, compete with the best global competitors and serve our customers better. Succ ess and Failure We are our best friend and We are our Worst Enemies We Indians must recognize as we have done at Infosys that we are our main enemies. There is no external enemy. Our failures are because of our lack of commitment to our cause, our inability to accept meritocracy and our indifference to honesty and want of a good work ethic amongst our leaders. Performance alone is the key differentiator. This stems from my belief that performance leads to recognition brings respect and respect brings power. Therefore if India wants to be a superpower as we keep hoping the only instrument we have is performance.We have demonstrated that businesses can be run legally and ethically that it is possible for an Indian company to benchmark with the global best and that any set of youngsters with values hard work team work and a little bit of smartness can indeed be successful entrepreneurs. This way we have enthused millions of young men and women in India. This in my opinion is Infosys g reatest contribution. I have realized that humility fancify and courtesy are genuine only when you have power and glory. That is why the leaders at Infosys have practiced this time and again.Humility provides us the strength of mind to learn from people better than us. Grace and courtesy make us worthy competitors. They also remind us that such glory and power are ephemeral and give us the strength to handle the days when we too could lose our shine. The crucial things we have to do in the future are to recognize our weaknesses be open-minded about learning from people better than us learn from our mistakes and not repeat them be humble, honest and courteous benchmark with the best in every dimension use innovation to perform at global levels and create a worthwhile vision and improve every day.This is how our mantra of focusing on speed imagination and excellence in execution will take this company very far. I have absolutely no doubt about it. I wish Kris and my fellow Infoscions the best in their journey forward. The board has been kind enough to name me the Chairman Emeritus. Therefore, I will always be there to add value if asked. Thanks, Narayana Murthy

Invictus summary

Mandela is released from prison after having spent there so many years. Later, he is take president and a newspaper issues appears with the headline He can win an election but he cant ran a country as a legitimate question. These were the super C threats between British people and natives at that moment. Reconciliation was an important matter for Mandela during his commandment, this was showed in a part were a black officer, who requested for help at his sector, ninnies to cooperate with the help of white men even though Mandela had authorized it.Media, as black people call him, stands by the phrase forgiveness liberates the soul, thats why it is such a powerful weapon making clear that he believes that both cultures dont have to eliminate and discriminate each other but to merge. later on he found out that there was a conspiracy in the rugby team to change the t-shirt as a demonstration that now British people were no longer related to the rugby team and engine there still were waving apartheid flags, he said it was time for everyone to happen upon on.Mandelas daughter was offended or disgusted to see how her father accepted British men in spite of the fact that they had considered him a terrorist. As a consequence, Mandela explains to black people, who were planning the conspiracy, not to change the team at all so as not to show fear and show they were way remedy than the British. Mandela had studied there and also knew his enemy very well. He tried to convince them not to seek revenge because It was time to build a new state ND that, by doing this, It would only reinforce the circle of evil.Mandela recognized that the country needed to feel greatness so that Is why he points out that finished rugby they could achieve It. To do so, he decides to meet the captain of the team with the purpose to motivate, stimulate, Inspire and get him to know that he trusted his leadership and In the whole Springboks rugby team. The captain needs to develop skills thro ughout effort, skillfulness and the constant training with motivation and passion.

Accounting

A smart set is considering the chase alternatives Alternative Alternative 2 Revenues $120,000 $120,000 variant equals S 60,000 $60,000 Fixed speak tos $35,000 $35,000 Which of the hobby ar relevant in choosing between the alternatives? 2. ) Adler lodge manufactures a harvest-home with the following exists unit Variable Cost $50 Unit Fixed Cost $24 make out Cost per unit $74 The company normally sells 10,000 units at a equipment casualty of $88 each. Adler has a one-time opportunity to sell an supernumerary 3,000 units at $70 each in a foreign market, which would not demand its shew sales.If the company has sufficient capacity to produce the additional units, bankers acceptance of the special ensnare would affect crystallize income as follows 3. ) If a company must(prenominal) expand capacity to accept a special order, it is likely that in that location forget be 4. ) May company produces 1,000 units of a necessary component with the following woos Direct Materi als $48,000 Direct dig up $32,000 Variable in operation(p) damage $8,000 axed overhead $14,000 May society could avoid $6,000 in set overhead be if it shoots the components impertinently.If approach minimization is the major consideration and he company would prefer to corrupt the components, what is the maximum external purchase terms that May society would accept to acquire at 1 ,OOH units externally? 5. ) A company has a address that results in cholecalciferol drums of Chemical L that can be s former(a) for $ccc per drum. An alternative would be to process Chemical L advertise at a court of $25,000 and then sell it for $380 per drum. Should management sell Chemical L now or should Chemical L be processed further and then exchange? What is the effect of the action? 6. The focus of a sell or process further decision 7. A company is considering replacing old equipment with new equipment. Which of the following is a relevant cost for incremental synopsis? 8. ) A com pany has several crossing lines, one of which reflect the following results sales $400,000 multivariate be $275,000 Contribution Margin $1 25,000 axed expenses$200,ooh Net loss -$75,000 If this product line is eliminated, 80% of the fixed expenses can be eliminated and the other 20% get erupt be allocated to other product lines. If management decides to eliminate this product line, the companys net income depart 9.Using compound interest, if you deposit $1 ,OOH each year in an account salaried 7% interest, approximately how much will substantiate in that account in five years? 10. ) A company is considering an investment, which will fall out hump savings of $150,000 four years from now. If they require a 10% return, what is the most they should pay for in the investment? 1 1 The intimate footstep of return is the interest rate that causes 12. ) A company is considering investing in a suffer, which will cost $1 75,000, and last for 5 years. annual net income will be $ 45,000 and annual cash flow ill be $50,000.What is the requital block from? 13. ) If a objectify has equal annual cash flows, its cash payback period is computed by dividing the cost of the expectant investment by the 14. ) Paschal Company is considering the learnedness of new equipment at a cost of $1 , 700,000. The companys accountants support provided the following additional information about the project for your analysis Annual net income $360, 000 Net annual cash flow $390,000 Estimated helpful life 7 years If the company has established a required rate f return of 1 1 what is the approximate net premise observe of the equipment acquisition? 5. ) Your analysis of a project under consideration by Davenport Company reveals the following expected performance over it expected terzetto year useful life Net Income Cash Flow Year 1 year 2 Year 3 535,000 $40,000 $45,000 $50,000 555,000 $60,000 This project has a cost of $110,000 and Davenport has established a recordount ( hurdle) rate of 9%. What is the approximate net set up value of the project? 16. ) Complete the statement Intangible benefits in capital budgeting 17. ) You are evaluating the fiscal characteristicsProject A Project B Net present value $50,000 exclusive projects which take away the following $75,000 Initial investment $200,000 $400,000 project life 4 years 4 years Which project will be accepted? 18. ) Hinges Hardware is evaluating a new retail location and its accountants have prepared some information for your review. Their analysis has established that the new location will costs S 1 , 500,000 and generate net present value of $100,000 using a discount rate of 10%. What is the geltability index for this project? 19. ) Roan, Inc. S analyzing the acquisition of new equipment, which will cost 50,000. Accountants have firm that this equipment will have a five- year useful lifer and in each year generate net income of $1 2,800 and operating cash flow of $14,200. The company requir es a 10% return on invested capital. What is the approximate AIR of this equipment acquisition? 20. ) In most cases, prices are set by the 21 Which of the following is not considered a limitation of cost-plus pricing? 22. ) Downing company produces a high-resolution computer proctor.The following information is available for this product Fixed cost per unit $50 Variable cost per unit $150 Total cost per unit $200 Downing expects to sell 10,000 units per year. The company has decided to price its monitors to earn a 14% return on its investment of $8,000,000 What is the target-selling price per monitor? 23. ) Assuming the selling division has available capacity, a negotiated transfer price should be a maximum of 24. ) The Burnett Companys Crystal Division normally sells its product for $24 per unit. method of accountingA company is considering the following alternatives Alternative Alternative 2 Revenues $120,000 $120,000 Variable Costs S 60,000 $60,000 Fixed costs $35,000 $35,000 Wh ich of the following are relevant in choosing between the alternatives? 2. ) Adler Company manufactures a product with the following costs unit Variable Cost $50 Unit Fixed Cost $24 Total Cost per unit $74 The company normally sells 10,000 units at a price of $88 each. Adler has a one-time opportunity to sell an additional 3,000 units at $70 each in a foreign market, which would not affect its present sales.If the company has sufficient capacity to produce the additional units, acceptance of the special order would affect net income as follows 3. ) If a company must expand capacity to accept a special order, it is likely that there will be 4. ) May company produces 1,000 units of a necessary component with the following costs Direct Materials $48,000 Direct Labor $32,000 Variable overhead $8,000 axed overhead $14,000 May Company could avoid $6,000 in fixed overhead costs if it acquires the components externally.If cost minimization is the major consideration and he company would pre fer to buy the components, what is the maximum external purchase price that May Company would accept to acquire at 1 ,OOH units externally? 5. ) A company has a process that results in 500 drums of Chemical L that can be sold for $300 per drum. An alternative would be to process Chemical L further at a cost of $25,000 and then sell it for $380 per drum. Should management sell Chemical L now or should Chemical L be processed further and then sold? What is the effect of the action? 6. The focus of a sell or process further decision 7. A company is considering replacing old equipment with new equipment. Which of the following is a relevant cost for incremental analysis? 8. ) A company has several product lines, one of which reflect the following results Sales $400,000 variable costs $275,000 Contribution Margin $1 25,000 axed expenses$200,ooh Net loss -$75,000 If this product line is eliminated, 80% of the fixed expenses can be eliminated and the other 20% will be allocated to other pr oduct lines. If management decides to eliminate this product line, the companys net income will 9.Using compound interest, if you deposit $1 ,OOH each year in an account paying 7% interest, approximately how much will have in that account in five years? 10. ) A company is considering an investment, which will return lump savings of $150,000 four years from now. If they require a 10% return, what is the most they should pay for in the investment? 1 1 The internal rate of return is the interest rate that causes 12. ) A company is considering investing in a project, which will cost $1 75,000, and last for 5 years. Annual net income will be $45,000 and annual cash flow ill be $50,000.What is the payback period from? 13. ) If a project has equal annual cash flows, its cash payback period is computed by dividing the cost of the capital investment by the 14. ) Paschal Company is considering the acquisition of new equipment at a cost of $1 , 700,000. The companys accountants have provided t he following additional information about the project for your analysis Annual net income $360, 000 Net annual cash flow $390,000 Estimated useful life 7 years If the company has established a required rate f return of 1 1 what is the approximate net present value of the equipment acquisition? 5. ) Your analysis of a project under consideration by Davenport Company reveals the following expected performance over it expected three year useful life Net Income Cash Flow Year 1 year 2 Year 3 535,000 $40,000 $45,000 $50,000 555,000 $60,000 This project has a cost of $110,000 and Davenport has established a discount (hurdle) rate of 9%. What is the approximate net present value of the project? 16. ) Complete the statement Intangible benefits in capital budgeting 17. ) You are evaluating the financial characteristicsProject A Project B Net present value $50,000 exclusive projects which have the following $75,000 Initial investment $200,000 $400,000 project life 4 years 4 years Which projec t will be accepted? 18. ) Hinges Hardware is evaluating a new retail location and its accountants have prepared some information for your review. Their analysis has established that the new location will costs S 1 , 500,000 and generate net present value of $100,000 using a discount rate of 10%. What is the profitability index for this project? 19. ) Roan, Inc. S analyzing the acquisition of new equipment, which will cost 50,000. Accountants have determined that this equipment will have a five- year useful lifer and in each year generate net income of $1 2,800 and operating cash flow of $14,200. The company requires a 10% return on invested capital. What is the approximate AIR of this equipment acquisition? 20. ) In most cases, prices are set by the 21 Which of the following is not considered a limitation of cost-plus pricing? 22. ) Downing company produces a high-resolution computer monitor.The following information is available for this product Fixed cost per unit $50 Variable cos t per unit $150 Total cost per unit $200 Downing expects to sell 10,000 units per year. The company has decided to price its monitors to earn a 14% return on its investment of $8,000,000 What is the target-selling price per monitor? 23. ) Assuming the selling division has available capacity, a negotiated transfer price should be a maximum of 24. ) The Burnett Companys Crystal Division normally sells its product for $24 per unit.AccountingAccountingRequire Choose the best answer for these questions as below (40 marks) 1. Which of the following costs would be classified as a period cost? a) Direct labor. b) Direct materials. c) Factory overhead. d) Selling expenses. 2. Costs that rise and fall proportionately with the volume of output are often referred to as a) variable costs. b) flexible costs. c) idle capacity costs. d) uncontrollable costs. 3. If Company A has a higher proportion of fixed costs relative to variable costs than Company B a) Company A has a higher break-even point th an Company B. b) Company A is more sensitive to changes in sales than Company B. ) Company A has greater risk compared to Company B. d) All of the above are true. 4. The margin of safety ratio is Page 1 /3 a) higher for a company with lower operating leverage. b) lower for a company with lower operating leverage. c) is not affected by operating leverage. d) is change magnituded by a greater proportion of variable to fixed costs. 5. If unit sales are $12, variable costs are $7. 20 per unit and fixed costs are $24,000 what is the contribution ratio per unit? a) 50% b) 60% c) 40% d) 70% 6. A cost that has already been incurred and cannot be changed is called a(an) a) opportunity cost. ) sunk cost. c) joint cost. d) out of Pocket cost. 7. The human resources department of a large company would be considered a) a cost center. b) a profit center. c) an investment center. d) a revenue center. 8. The particular difference between profit centers and cost centers is that a) profit centers g enerate revenue. b) cost centers incur costs. c) profit centers are evaluated using return on investment criteria. d) profit centers provide services to other centers in the organization. ANSWER 1. .. 5 . 2. .. 6 . 3. .. 7 . 4. .. 8 . . II.The Gong Company produces and sells three types of jigsaws, variable speed (A), superstar speed (B) and variable speed with auto-scrolling (C). Budgeted data is given below Sales Mix as a Proportion Product Sales Price Variable cost Per Unit of Total Sales Dollars A B C $30 20 40 $15 12 30 Budgeted total fixed costs are $700,000. Page 2 /3 10% 50% 40% Required (40 marks) 1) Calculate the break-even point in sales dollars for each product based on the budgeted sales mix. 2) Determine the sales dollars of each product needed to generate a budgeted after tax profit of $245,000, assume a 30 % tax rate. ) Determine the sales dollars of each product needed to generate a 14. 5% budgeted return on sales dollars after taxes, a ssume a 30% tax rate. 4) Assuming total sale revenues are $2,500,000 calculate the operating leverage of the Gong Company. Give your idea about this operating leverage. If sales revenue increases by 10%, how will operating profit c hange? III. Henson Company produces golf discs which it normally sells to retailers for $7 each. The cost of manufacturing 20,000 golf discs is Materials $10,000 Labor 24,000 Variable overhead 20,000 Fixed overhead 50,000Total $104,000 Henson also incurs 5% sales commission ($0. 35) on each disc sold. Wood Corporation offers Henson $4. 75 per disc for 4,000 discs. Wood would sell the discs under its own brand name in foreign markets not yet served by Henson. If Henson accepts the offer, its fixed overhead will increase from $50,000 to $55,000 due to the purchase of a new imprinting machine. No sales commission will result from the special order. Required (20 marks) 1) Prepare a derived function a nalysis for the special order. 2) Should Henson accept the special order? Why or wh y not? The end Page 3 /3AccountingAccountingA company is considering the following alternatives Alternative Alternative 2 Revenues $120,000 $120,000 Variable Costs S 60,000 $60,000 Fixed costs $35,000 $35,000 Which of the following are relevant in choosing between the alternatives? 2. ) Adler Company manufactures a product with the following costs unit Variable Cost $50 Unit Fixed Cost $24 Total Cost per unit $74 The company normally sells 10,000 units at a price of $88 each. Adler has a one-time opportunity to sell an additional 3,000 units at $70 each in a foreign market, which would not affect its present sales.If the company has sufficient capacity to produce the additional units, acceptance of the special order would affect net income as follows 3. ) If a company must expand capacity to accept a special order, it is likely that there will be 4. ) May company produces 1,000 units of a necessary component with the following costs Direct Materials $48,000 Direct Labor $32,000 Vari able overhead $8,000 axed overhead $14,000 May Company could avoid $6,000 in fixed overhead costs if it acquires the components externally.If cost minimization is the major consideration and he company would prefer to buy the components, what is the maximum external purchase price that May Company would accept to acquire at 1 ,OOH units externally? 5. ) A company has a process that results in 500 drums of Chemical L that can be sold for $300 per drum. An alternative would be to process Chemical L further at a cost of $25,000 and then sell it for $380 per drum. Should management sell Chemical L now or should Chemical L be processed further and then sold? What is the effect of the action? 6. The focus of a sell or process further decision 7. A company is considering replacing old equipment with new equipment. Which of the following is a relevant cost for incremental analysis? 8. ) A company has several product lines, one of which reflect the following results Sales $400,000 variable c osts $275,000 Contribution Margin $1 25,000 axed expenses$200,ooh Net loss -$75,000 If this product line is eliminated, 80% of the fixed expenses can be eliminated and the other 20% will be allocated to other product lines. If management decides to eliminate this product line, the companys net income will 9.Using compound interest, if you deposit $1 ,OOH each year in an account paying 7% interest, approximately how much will have in that account in five years? 10. ) A company is considering an investment, which will return lump savings of $150,000 four years from now. If they require a 10% return, what is the most they should pay for in the investment? 1 1 The internal rate of return is the interest rate that causes 12. ) A company is considering investing in a project, which will cost $1 75,000, and last for 5 years. Annual net income will be $45,000 and annual cash flow ill be $50,000.What is the payback period from? 13. ) If a project has equal annual cash flows, its cash payback period is computed by dividing the cost of the capital investment by the 14. ) Paschal Company is considering the acquisition of new equipment at a cost of $1 , 700,000. The companys accountants have provided the following additional information about the project for your analysis Annual net income $360, 000 Net annual cash flow $390,000 Estimated useful life 7 years If the company has established a required rate f return of 1 1 what is the approximate net present value of the equipment acquisition? 5. ) Your analysis of a project under consideration by Davenport Company reveals the following expected performance over it expected three year useful life Net Income Cash Flow Year 1 year 2 Year 3 535,000 $40,000 $45,000 $50,000 555,000 $60,000 This project has a cost of $110,000 and Davenport has established a discount (hurdle) rate of 9%. What is the approximate net present value of the project? 16. ) Complete the statement Intangible benefits in capital budgeting 17. ) You are evalu ating the financial characteristicsProject A Project B Net present value $50,000 exclusive projects which have the following $75,000 Initial investment $200,000 $400,000 project life 4 years 4 years Which project will be accepted? 18. ) Hinges Hardware is evaluating a new retail location and its accountants have prepared some information for your review. Their analysis has established that the new location will costs S 1 , 500,000 and generate net present value of $100,000 using a discount rate of 10%. What is the profitability index for this project? 19. ) Roan, Inc. S analyzing the acquisition of new equipment, which will cost 50,000. Accountants have determined that this equipment will have a five- year useful lifer and in each year generate net income of $1 2,800 and operating cash flow of $14,200. The company requires a 10% return on invested capital. What is the approximate AIR of this equipment acquisition? 20. ) In most cases, prices are set by the 21 Which of the following is not considered a limitation of cost-plus pricing? 22. ) Downing company produces a high-resolution computer monitor.The following information is available for this product Fixed cost per unit $50 Variable cost per unit $150 Total cost per unit $200 Downing expects to sell 10,000 units per year. The company has decided to price its monitors to earn a 14% return on its investment of $8,000,000 What is the target-selling price per monitor? 23. ) Assuming the selling division has available capacity, a negotiated transfer price should be a maximum of 24. ) The Burnett Companys Crystal Division normally sells its product for $24 per unit.

Nestle Case Study

NESTLE CASE STUDY With reference to the nuzzle brass ingest, try aceness example which the whole wayly illustrates a link amongst topics or concepts drawn from at least two pre-requisite modules. The come near case study yields a topic of examples which illustrate links between strategicalal management, Methods of Enquiry and Accounting for decision making concepts. cuddle is one of the oldest of all multi matter condescension. Nowadays, come near is one of the biggest diet and nutrition companies in 86 countries in the worldly concern. Hill, 2009 pp). nuzzle was involved with a range of acquisitions in the live on years in rig to overcompensate its promissory note of results and try to expand on a geographical scale. Since its sales argon reducing in discovered securities industrys, nestle has the opportunity to expand business in up and coming countries, which is going to generate to a greater extent than profit for the society. Up and coming countries is one sector that Nestle is going to invest money in because it has the potential to be a crocked and attractive grocery store place.Nestle feels confident in doing so because in much(prenominal) countries population economy and technology has undergo a rapid evolution. (Datamonitor, 2006). Nestles presbyopic-term dodge is to identify the quickly expanding countries first and get into the food grocery store as soon as possible in order to take aim good of other competitors. However, it first has to hold the leading position in the developed markets where it is before long placed. Also Nestle has to hire topical anaesthetic managers and staff in the developing markets that understand the topical anesthetic market dynamic and polish.As explained above there is a link between Nestles system and the Strategic management, because companies go for managers from respective countries in the local anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic companies due to the fact that th ey understand the local market dynamics. By hiring local manager they evoke take usefulness of the local knowledge and own culture of the country. FIGURE 1 Figure 1 Source Own diagram It is a huge advantage that Nestle whole shebang with local managers in sporting rising emergent countries. As a result, Nestle ordain father quick results which lead to quick profits.As we butt joint propose in FIGURE 1 above, Nestle is closely link up to the Strategic management module because companies bequeath have a range of research(reports) on fast growing countries. Therefore, they will have the ability to balance the ser faults they atomic number 18 competent to provide ( viands, cereals, coffee, chocolate, drinks, ice cream, etc) (Nestle 2011), with the price that customers are willing to pay. For example, if mint derrierenot support the Nestle products then they will not expand in much(prenominal) countries but focalise their attention and invest in countries where people a re subject to buy their products.Also, Nestle is connected with methods of enquiry with Emerging markets. Companies will have less space to roam around and rat decision considering that much of their movements are controlled by the market reaction. This means that uphill markets are countries with social or business activities in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The Nestle case study as clearly explained above illustrates a good link with the Strategic Management/Methods of Enquiry and the Market dynamic/Emerging markets respectively. Does it make soul for Nestle to focus its growth efforts on emerging markets? Why?The recent financial crisis that reverberated by means ofout the globe was a clear indicator of the interdependence and the codependence that globalisation has created magic spell simultaneously making it clear to eachone that the emerging economies, especially those that make up BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) are more resilient than wes tern economies, thus making them engines of growth that have fostered the recovery effort in the last a couple of(prenominal) years. Therefore from that point of view alone it git be declare that yes, Nestles scheme to focus its growth efforts in developing or emerging markets is indeed a fathom one.However this does not mean that the ability of these markets to recover red-hot than the western economies should bebe sole reason for such a decision. Rather there are m close to(prenominal) more and varying reasons that need to be taken into consideration. The attempt of globalization for one thing has helped uplift the living standards of many another(prenominal) in China and India and millions of families have climbed out of poverty and are able to aspire to expose behavior styles and a better standard of living, thus creating new markets companies like Nestle (Latshaw and Choi, 2002, pp. 7). Next as has been stated in the case study, the number of individuals who can be considered as midst category in these two economies alone will exceed 700 million in the coming decade, which is more than the entire population of euchre million in the europiuman region or the 300 million in the United States, thus making this a very mercantile market for Nestle and one that needfully to be exploited with immediate force (Crook, Bratton, Street & Ketchen, 2006, pp. 09 412). Besides the above Nestle as a multi national political party has a decentralise structure and has very much emphasised the need for attracting, recruiting and selecting host country nationals to be employed in its manufacturing plants cross shipway the world and this a off is a very strategic and wise decision (Cesnovar, 2006, pp. 227 229).By decreasing unemployment rates, cosmos socially responsible corporate citizen and helping to uplift the standard of living in these regions of the world, the corporation is earning the respect of the population, which can soon be converted to domain relations win, thus it can be stated that this outline makes immense star at the present time (Mclean, 2006, pp. 36).Last but not least it should withal be stated that by gaining first mover advantage of providing fundamental pabulum stuffs by means of which brand loyalty is created the social club stands to gain much as most consumers will not switch to other brands but rather locate to drum with the trusted brand even when they are ready to move to the more upscale and upmarket products that are provided by the keep company (Gratton, Hailey, Stiles & Truss, 1999).Therefore it can be stated that from every point of view, whether it is as a consumer products manufacturer or an employer, Nestle stands to gain much through this growth strategy of focusing on emerging markets. What is the companys strategy with regard to business culture in emerging markets- Does this strategy make sense- From an organizational post, what is required for this strategy to work eff ectively?As is clear from the information that has been provided in the case study, Nestle uses a variety of different strategies to develop its business activities and markets in the emerging markets. While many possibly of the impression that only one or two strategies should be used in order to attend that synergies of scale are gained and that there is consistency across the operations, such a customization of strategy to meet the specific ineluctably of an economy is gameyly commendable (Marshall, Smith & Buxton, 2009, pp. 4 18). For instance in countries like India and China, Nestle has entered the market by providing low appeal brand name basic provender stuff like condensed milk and infant formula, in doing so the company has also located its manufacturing plants within the countries and the regions, employed host country nationals and helped uplift their living standards.Thus not only has the company provided them with a livelihood by employing them and acquire loc al produce from local farmers and businessman, but in doing so has also created loyalty to its brand, which is something priceless (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999). As the living standards and the income trains of these individuals and entrepreneurs increase, they will no doubt come up to be loyal to the Nestle brand and purchase the more upscale and products that are sold by the company, when they are ready to move from basic food stuffs to more branded and upscale foods stuffs like cookies and chocolate.Likewise some other strategy that is being used by the company is to enter markets like Nigeria and China and invest in basic infrastructure to ensure smooth distribution channels, while many may see this as a waste, in the long run, the company has gained a strong foothold in the marketplace, created job opportunities and further increased the visibility of its brand nd thus increased entry barriers for the competition (Sims, 2003), thus it can be stated that this is indeed a very good business growing strategy that is being followed by the company at the present time. From an organisational situation for an a strategy to work effectively it is needed to ensure that the strategy is developed in such a manner that it would fit the market needs and help the company to gain a comparative advantage (Oladunjoye & Onyeaso, 2007, pp. 92 598). Based on everything that has been stated above and the manner in which Nestles is currently operating in China, India, Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, it is clear that the company has adopted many different triumphful strategies that are helping it to gain a competitive edge in these markets while continuing to benefit from the first mover advantage that it has created for itself. Through research on NESTLE, identify enamor work indicators.Once you have gathered relevant data on these, undertake a performance compend of the company over the last five years. What does the analysis tell you about the success or o therwise of the strategy adopted by the company? An analysis of Nestles performance indicates that the Company has been able to reform its performance over the years. The sales of the Company reached a record of US $73 billion, and growth in profits was 20. 7% in 2005. In 2005, Europe amounted to 30% of sales, Americas 34%, and Asia, Oceania and Africa 17% of the sales.Nestle is aware that it need to adjust its offering if it is to reach its target of 5-6% growth per year. (Country Monitor, 2006). Public Image In a world that is becoming increasingly complex, consumer needs and wants continue to capture more sophisticated on a daily basis. Unlike in the past when companies could exactly troop produce and sell products to the end user, today, consumers are demanding more not only in toll of pricing and quality but also in terms of corporate social responsibility.Therefore it is necessary for Nestle to continuously monitor and manage its public image and it is also very importan t from a strategic perspective that the company is seen as a socially responsible corporate citizen (Niederhut-Bollmann & Theuvsen, 2008, 63 68). Compared to many other multi national companies, Nestles has not earn the public ire for being irresponsible socially, however as the global slave trade for chocolate manufacturers comes to light it is meaty that Nestles looks at ways and means to ensure that it is not ensnared in such a public relations nightmare.Sales Growth This is a very important performance indicators and should buckle under the company a sense of its successes and failures in terms of strategy. Currently the company has been doing very sound on this front and should carefully monitor the external and the inbred environments for any factors that may pose a threat to its continued success in this area (Roberts, 2001, pp, 25 28). Following a growth strategy in emerging markets is actually a very good strategy that has paid off and continues to pay off, however this does not mean that the company can give in to be laid back on this score.Market Share By gaining first mover advantage the company has been able to gain and agree its market per centum through the years, however it is also necessary that the company continues to learn from its past mistakes in Japan and other countries, where it did not take the competition seriously and therefrom has alienated much in terms of market share that it could otherwise have gained (Odagiri, 1992).Blue Ocean Strategies As markets continue to mature and other markets continue to develop it is unconditional that the company focuses its attention on research and development and creates blue oceans in order to find new markets (Gubman, 2004, pp. 13). This is something that Nestle is currently lagging at and needs to pay particular attention to with immediate effect.Based on everything that has been stated above it is so clear that while the company does excel in areas such as managing its publi c image and sales growth, there is much more improvement needed to be do in the search for innovative market strategies that will help force it to success in the future. How would you describe Nestles strategic posture at the corporate direct is it pursuing a global strategy, a multi internal strategy an international strategy or a international strategy? Figure 2 Which Structure to Choose? Source http//www. wiziq. com/tutorial/380-International-StrategyIllustrated above is a portrayal of the different corporate level strategies that can be adopted by multi national companies the world over. Such strategy is often chosen on the grad of need for global integration and local market responsiveness (Kaplan and Norton, 2001, pp. 87). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is clear that Nestle is a company that need to gain a high level of local market responsiveness due to the variety of different business development related strategies that is pursuin g in different parts of the world.For instance while in the Middle East it has entered the markets by building five different lines of products that it hopes will be distributed across the region as trade barriers fall, in countries like China and India, it is pursuing a different strategy of meeting the basic food needs of the population with items such as infant formula and condensed milk. It is the intention of the company in these markets that once standards of living increase, they can leave these Niche markets and provide consumers with more upscale and upmarket products like chocolates and cookies.Further it can also be stated that as a company with only 1% of its revenue being realise in the home country and 8000 different brands, global integration is a must (Lowson, 2002). Therefore it is the opinion of the source that Nestle need to guide between the multi domestic strategy and a transnational strategy and not swing from one to another, because doing so would only resu lt in the company loosing focus of its lowest aim, which is to be a global consumer food products leader (George, 2007, pp. 6 71). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is the opinion of the writer that Nestles should choose a transnational strategy because it balances some(prenominal) the global integration needs of the company and the local market responsiveness that is necessary to ensure that the companys products will be competitive and continue to meet the needs of the local population in the emerging markets that it is operating in (Marks, 2005, pp. 1).While many maybe of the opinion that the company should continue to pursue its multi domestic strategy as it has worked well for it in the past, the changing needs of the global environment and the development taking place in the emerging markets make it necessary to gain synergies of scale and global integration for the many brands that it has under its belt and therefore a transnational strat egy is the best option for Nestles in the future (Barney and Hesterly, 2008).Does this overall strategic posture make sense devoted the markets and countries that Nestle participates in? Why? The overall strategic posture of Nestle makes a lot of sense given the fact that it is operating in close to every country in the world, with a huge presence in the emerging markets. According to Hill (2006), that multidomestic strategy is appropriate in a market where the pressures for local responsiveness is very high and as a results the pressures for the cost reduction is low.Especially, pressures for local responsiveness can be very high in some productions, such as food, chocolates, dairy nutrition and etc. From the time when consumers have many national differences in tastes and preferences, distribution channels, competitive conditions, business practices, culture and political sympathies policies in the markets in which Nestle operates, therefore following a multidomestic strategy is beneficial for the Company.The difference in cultures and purchasing power (Prahalad et al, 1998) in the middle class population in emerging markets imply that in order for a first mover to gain advantage, it must be willing to aline its product and offer in accordance with the needs of the local market. Figure 3 Source http//www. docstoc. com/docs/5632428/Ethnocentric-Polycentric-Geocentric-Diagr ams As stated in the previous section the overall strategy that is currently being followed by Nestles is one that focuses on local market responsiveness over global integration, which in effect results in a multi domestic strategy (Shackman, 2007, pp. 79 488). It is no doubt however that such a strategy has indeed helped the company to gain the level of success that it currently enjoys in emerging markets, and therefore can be considered as good. However we should always remember that strategies should promise equal or more success in the future as they do for the company today (Cabr era and Cabrera, 2003, pp. 41) and therefore reviewing the strategy from such an angle would work to the benefit of the company in the long run.The company currently follows a regiocentric attitude as is clear from the illustrations above, while it can be reiterated that this type of structure and strategy works to the advantage of the company, in the long run as the emerging markets being to mature and the company continues on its mergers and acquisitions strategies to enter new markets in Eastern Europe, it will become essential that the company gains some level of global synergy and integration (Mcwilliams, Van Fleet, & Wright, 2001, pp. 1).Therefore it is the recommendation of the writer that the company begins to embark on a transnational strategy with a Geocentric attitude, which will eventually help it to have a more global view with flexibility to make necessary changes at local level whenever and as frequently as needed (Donaldson & OToole, 2002). Therefore in conclusion it can be stated that even though the current strategic posture makes sense, it needs to be reviewed and modified if the company is to continue to penetrate, gain and retain market share in the emerging economies as well as the developed economies the world over (Mockler, 1999).Is Nestles management structure and philosophy aligned with its overall strategic posture? The overall structure and the strategy of the company as stated previously and has been made clear to the reader throughout the case study, is that the company pursues a multi domestic strategy, due to the need to have a high responsiveness to the local market needs (Drejer, 2002).While this is impressive, the company goes further to also ensure that it is staffed by local nationals in the host countries and that power and potential is decentralised as much as possible, again indicating that the management structure is indeed very much aligned to its philosophy of local autonomy and its multi domestic strategy (Silverman , 2002).However instead of relying on the local managers alone, the company also has a pool of at least 700 expatriate managers who travel from one country to another ensuring that the local and regional strategies of the company are upheld and global integration is a possibility (Mintzberg & Rose, 2003, pp. 70 277), while this may sound like a sound and often a wise move on the part of the company, the fact that none of the regional international managers get involved in local level stratey shape and the fact that none of the local level managers are involved in the global strategy design and development leaves a disconnect that can cost the company dearly in the long run and therefore it is necessary to take a close look at the integration of some(prenominal) and make changes wherever necessary (Betz, 2001).Based on everything that has been stated above, it is therefore the opinion of the writer that greater global integration is necessary as the company moves in front and hop es to retain its place as a market leader by gaining large shares of the market in emerging economies, which it has strived hard to build over the last few decades. In effect it is therefore necessary to ensure that there is high levels of global integration and simultaneously ensure that there is high levels of local market responsiveness as well (Lefkowith, 2001, pp. 20).As stated previously this is only possible if the company follows a transnational strategy and this strategy and philosophy should be made a possibility by changing the current management structure within the company to one that allows for regional managers to gain an understanding of local issues and challenges and vice versa. This will help the company to align its goals and objectives both on an international local level and thus be more integrated in both spheres. Read more http//www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/nestle-case-study-assinemnt-marketinNestle Case StudyNESTLE CASE STUDY With reference to the Nes tle case study, provide one example which clearly illustrates a link between topics or concepts drawn from at least two pre-requisite modules. The Nestle case study provides a number of examples which illustrate links between Strategic management, Methods of Enquiry and Accounting for decision making concepts. Nestle is one of the oldest of all multinational business. Nowadays, Nestle is one of the biggest food and nutrition companies in 86 countries in the world. Hill, 2009 pp). Nestle was involved with a range of acquisitions in the last years in order to extend its line of products and try to expand on a geographical scale. Since its sales are reducing in developed markets, Nestle has the opportunity to expand business in up and coming countries, which is going to generate more profit for the company. Up and coming countries is one sector that Nestle is going to invest money in because it has the potential to be a strong and attractive market.Nestle feels confident in doing so be cause in such countries population economy and technology has experienced a rapid growth. (Datamonitor, 2006). Nestles long-term strategy is to identify the quickly expanding countries first and get into the market as soon as possible in order to take advantage of other competitors. However, it first has to hold the leading position in the developed markets where it is currently placed. Also Nestle has to hire local managers and staff in the developing markets that understand the local market dynamic and culture.As explained above there is a link between Nestles strategy and the Strategic management, because companies employ managers from respective countries in the local companies due to the fact that they understand the local market dynamics. By hiring local manager they can take advantage of the local knowledge and own culture of the country. FIGURE 1 Figure 1 Source Own diagram It is a huge advantage that Nestle works with local managers in fast rising emerging countries. As a r esult, Nestle will have quick results which lead to quick profits.As we can see in FIGURE 1 above, Nestle is closely related to the Strategic management module because companies will have a range of research(reports) on fast growing countries. Therefore, they will have the ability to balance the services they are able to provide (food, cereals, coffee, chocolate, drinks, ice cream, etc) (Nestle 2011), with the price that customers are willing to pay. For example, if people cannot afford the Nestle products then they will not expand in such countries but focus their attention and invest in countries where people are able to buy their products.Also, Nestle is connected with methods of enquiry with Emerging markets. Companies will have less space to roam around and make decision considering that much of their movements are controlled by the market reaction. This means that emerging markets are countries with social or business activities in the process of rapid growth and industrializa tion. The Nestle case study as clearly explained above illustrates a good link with the Strategic Management/Methods of Enquiry and the Market dynamic/Emerging markets respectively. Does it make sense for Nestle to focus its growth efforts on emerging markets? Why?The recent financial crisis that reverberated throughout the globe was a clear indicator of the interdependence and the codependence that globalization has created while simultaneously making it clear to everyone that the emerging economies, especially those that make up BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) are more resilient than western economies, thus making them engines of growth that have helped the recovery effort in the last few years. Therefore from that point of view alone it can be stated that yes, Nestles strategy to focus its growth efforts in developing or emerging markets is indeed a sound one.However this does not mean that the ability of these markets to recover faster than the western economies should be be sole reason for such a decision. Rather there are many more and varying reasons that need to be taken into consideration. The onset of globalization for one thing has helped uplift the living standards of many in China and India and millions of families have climbed out of poverty and are able to aspire to better life styles and a better standard of living, thus creating new markets companies like Nestle (Latshaw and Choi, 2002, pp. 7). Next as has been stated in the case study, the number of individuals who can be considered as middle class in these two economies alone will exceed 700 million in the coming decade, which is more than the entire population of 500 million in the European region or the 300 million in the United States, thus making this a very lucrative market for Nestle and one that needs to be exploited with immediate effect (Crook, Bratton, Street & Ketchen, 2006, pp. 09 412). Besides the above Nestle as a multi national company has a decentralised structure and has often emphasised the need for attracting, recruiting and selecting host country nationals to be employed in its manufacturing plants across the world and this again is a very strategic and wise decision (Cesnovar, 2006, pp. 227 229).By decreasing unemployment rates, being socially responsible corporate citizen and helping to uplift the standard of living in these regions of the world, the company is earning the respect of the population, which can soon be converted to public relations win, thus it can be stated that this strategy makes immense sense at the present time (Mclean, 2006, pp. 36).Last but not least it should also be stated that by gaining first mover advantage of providing basic food stuffs through which brand loyalty is created the company stands to gain much as most consumers will not switch to other brands but rather decide to stick with the trusted brand even when they are ready to move to the more upscale and upmarket products that are provided by the company ( Gratton, Hailey, Stiles & Truss, 1999).Therefore it can be stated that from every point of view, whether it is as a consumer products manufacturer or an employer, Nestle stands to gain much through this growth strategy of focusing on emerging markets. What is the companys strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets- Does this strategy make sense- From an organizational perspective, what is required for this strategy to work effectively?As is clear from the information that has been provided in the case study, Nestle uses a variety of different strategies to develop its business activities and markets in the emerging markets. While many maybe of the opinion that only one or two strategies should be used in order to ensure that synergies of scale are gained and that there is consistency across the operations, such a customization of strategy to meet the specific needs of an economy is highly commendable (Marshall, Smith & Buxton, 2009, pp. 4 18). For instance in countries like India and China, Nestle has entered the market by providing low cost brand name basic food stuff like condensed milk and infant formula, in doing so the company has also located its manufacturing plants within the countries and the regions, employed host country nationals and helped uplift their living standards.Thus not only has the company provided them with a livelihood by employing them and purchasing local produce from local farmers and businessman, but in doing so has also created loyalty to its brand, which is something priceless (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999). As the living standards and the income levels of these individuals and entrepreneurs increase, they will no doubt continue to be loyal to the Nestle brand and purchase the more upscale and products that are sold by the company, when they are ready to move from basic food stuffs to more branded and upscale foods stuffs like cookies and chocolate.Likewise another strategy that is being used by the company is to e nter markets like Nigeria and China and invest in basic infrastructure to ensure smooth distribution channels, while many may see this as a waste, in the long run, the company has gained a strong foothold in the marketplace, created job opportunities and further increased the visibility of its brand nd thus increased entry barriers for the competition (Sims, 2003), thus it can be stated that this is indeed a very good business development strategy that is being followed by the company at the present time. From an organisational perspective for an a strategy to work effectively it is necessary to ensure that the strategy is developed in such a manner that it would fit the market needs and help the company to gain a comparative advantage (Oladunjoye & Onyeaso, 2007, pp. 92 598). Based on everything that has been stated above and the manner in which Nestles is currently operating in China, India, Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, it is clear that the company has adopted many different successful strategies that are helping it to gain a competitive edge in these markets while continuing to benefit from the first mover advantage that it has created for itself. Through research on NESTLE, identify appropriate performance indicators.Once you have gathered relevant data on these, undertake a performance analysis of the company over the last five years. What does the analysis tell you about the success or otherwise of the strategy adopted by the company? An analysis of Nestles performance indicates that the Company has been able to improve its performance over the years. The sales of the Company reached a record of US $73 billion, and growth in profits was 20. 7% in 2005. In 2005, Europe amounted to 30% of sales, Americas 34%, and Asia, Oceania and Africa 17% of the sales.Nestle is aware that it need to adjust its offering if it is to reach its target of 5-6% growth per year. (Country Monitor, 2006). Public Image In a world that is becoming increasingly com plex, consumer needs and wants continue to become more sophisticated on a daily basis. Unlike in the past when companies could simply mass produce and sell products to the end user, today, consumers are demanding more not only in terms of pricing and quality but also in terms of corporate social responsibility.Therefore it is necessary for Nestle to continuously monitor and manage its public image and it is also very important from a strategic perspective that the company is seen as a socially responsible corporate citizen (Niederhut-Bollmann & Theuvsen, 2008, 63 68). Compared to many other multi national companies, Nestles has not earned the public ire for being irresponsible socially, however as the global slave trade for chocolate manufacturers comes to light it is essential that Nestles looks at ways and means to ensure that it is not ensnared in such a public relations nightmare.Sales Growth This is a very important performance indicators and should give the company a sense o f its successes and failures in terms of strategy. Currently the company has been doing very well on this front and should carefully monitor the external and the internal environments for any factors that may pose a threat to its continued success in this area (Roberts, 2001, pp, 25 28). Following a growth strategy in emerging markets is actually a very good strategy that has paid off and continues to pay off, however this does not mean that the company can afford to be laid back on this score.Market Share By gaining first mover advantage the company has been able to gain and retain its market share through the years, however it is also necessary that the company continues to learn from its past mistakes in Japan and other countries, where it did not take the competition seriously and therefore has lost much in terms of market share that it could otherwise have gained (Odagiri, 1992).Blue Ocean Strategies As markets continue to mature and other markets continue to develop it is i mperative that the company focuses its attention on research and development and creates blue oceans in order to find new markets (Gubman, 2004, pp. 13). This is something that Nestle is currently lagging at and needs to pay particular attention to with immediate effect.Based on everything that has been stated above it is therefore clear that while the company does excel in areas such as managing its public image and sales growth, there is much more improvement needed to be made in the search for innovative market strategies that will help force it to success in the future. How would you describe Nestles strategic posture at the corporate level is it pursuing a global strategy, a multidomestic strategy an international strategy or a transnational strategy? Figure 2 Which Structure to Choose? Source http//www. wiziq. com/tutorial/380-International-StrategyIllustrated above is a depiction of the different corporate level strategies that can be adopted by multi national companies the world over. Such strategy is often chosen on the degree of need for global integration and local market responsiveness (Kaplan and Norton, 2001, pp. 87). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is clear that Nestle is a company that need to gain a high level of local market responsiveness due to the variety of different business development related strategies that is pursuing in different parts of the world.For instance while in the Middle East it has entered the markets by building five different lines of products that it hopes will be distributed across the region as trade barriers fall, in countries like China and India, it is pursuing a different strategy of meeting the basic food needs of the population with items such as infant formula and condensed milk. It is the intention of the company in these markets that once standards of living increase, they can leave these Niche markets and provide consumers with more upscale and upmarket products like ch ocolates and cookies.Further it can also be stated that as a company with only 1% of its revenue being earned in the home country and 8000 different brands, global integration is a must (Lowson, 2002). Therefore it is the opinion of the writer that Nestle need to choose between the multi domestic strategy and a transnational strategy and not swing from one to another, because doing so would only result in the company loosing focus of its final aim, which is to be a global consumer food products leader (George, 2007, pp. 6 71). Based on the information that has been provided in the case study it is the opinion of the writer that Nestles should choose a transnational strategy because it balances both the global integration needs of the company and the local market responsiveness that is necessary to ensure that the companys products will be competitive and continue to meet the needs of the local population in the emerging markets that it is operating in (Marks, 2005, pp. 1).While man y maybe of the opinion that the company should continue to pursue its multi domestic strategy as it has worked well for it in the past, the changing needs of the global environment and the development taking place in the emerging markets make it necessary to gain synergies of scale and global integration for the many brands that it has under its belt and therefore a transnational strategy is the best option for Nestles in the future (Barney and Hesterly, 2008).Does this overall strategic posture make sense given the markets and countries that Nestle participates in? Why? The overall strategic posture of Nestle makes a lot of sense given the fact that it is operating in virtually every country in the world, with a huge presence in the emerging markets. According to Hill (2006), that multidomestic strategy is appropriate in a market where the pressures for local responsiveness is very high and as a results the pressures for the cost reduction is low.Especially, pressures for local res ponsiveness can be very high in some productions, such as food, chocolates, dairy nutrition and etc. From the time when consumers have many national differences in tastes and preferences, distribution channels, competitive conditions, business practices, culture and government policies in the markets in which Nestle operates, therefore following a multidomestic strategy is beneficial for the Company.The difference in cultures and purchasing power (Prahalad et al, 1998) in the middle class population in emerging markets imply that in order for a first mover to gain advantage, it must be willing to adapt its product and offer in accordance with the needs of the local market. Figure 3 Source http//www. docstoc. com/docs/5632428/Ethnocentric-Polycentric-Geocentric-Diagr ams As stated in the previous section the overall strategy that is currently being followed by Nestles is one that focuses on local market responsiveness over global integration, which in effect results in a multi domest ic strategy (Shackman, 2007, pp. 79 488). It is no doubt however that such a strategy has indeed helped the company to gain the level of success that it currently enjoys in emerging markets, and therefore can be considered as good. However we should always remember that strategies should promise equal or more success in the future as they do for the company today (Cabrera and Cabrera, 2003, pp. 41) and therefore reviewing the strategy from such an angle would work to the benefit of the company in the long run.The company currently follows a regiocentric attitude as is clear from the illustrations above, while it can be reiterated that this type of structure and strategy works to the advantage of the company, in the long run as the emerging markets being to mature and the company continues on its mergers and acquisitions strategies to enter new markets in Eastern Europe, it will become essential that the company gains some level of global synergy and integration (Mcwilliams, Van Fle et, & Wright, 2001, pp. 1).Therefore it is the recommendation of the writer that the company begins to embark on a transnational strategy with a Geocentric attitude, which will eventually help it to have a more global view with flexibility to make necessary changes at local level whenever and as frequently as needed (Donaldson & OToole, 2002). Therefore in conclusion it can be stated that even though the current strategic posture makes sense, it needs to be reviewed and modified if the company is to continue to penetrate, gain and retain market share in the emerging economies as well as the developed economies the world over (Mockler, 1999).Is Nestles management structure and philosophy aligned with its overall strategic posture? The overall structure and the strategy of the company as stated previously and has been made clear to the reader throughout the case study, is that the company pursues a multi domestic strategy, due to the need to have a high responsiveness to the local mar ket needs (Drejer, 2002).While this is impressive, the company goes further to also ensure that it is staffed by local nationals in the host countries and that power and authority is decentralised as much as possible, again indicating that the management structure is indeed very much aligned to its philosophy of local autonomy and its multi domestic strategy (Silverman, 2002).However instead of relying on the local managers alone, the company also has a pool of at least 700 expatriate managers who travel from one country to another ensuring that the local and regional strategies of the company are upheld and global integration is a possibility (Mintzberg & Rose, 2003, pp. 70 277), while this may sound like a sound and often a wise move on the part of the company, the fact that none of the regional international managers get involved in local level stratey design and the fact that none of the local level managers are involved in the global strategy design and development leaves a di sconnect that can cost the company dearly in the long run and therefore it is necessary to take a close look at the integration of both and make changes wherever necessary (Betz, 2001).Based on everything that has been stated above, it is therefore the opinion of the writer that greater global integration is necessary as the company moves forward and hopes to retain its place as a market leader by gaining large shares of the market in emerging economies, which it has strived hard to build over the last few decades. In effect it is therefore necessary to ensure that there is high levels of global integration and simultaneously ensure that there is high levels of local market responsiveness as well (Lefkowith, 2001, pp. 20).As stated previously this is only possible if the company follows a transnational strategy and this strategy and philosophy should be made a possibility by changing the current management structure within the company to one that allows for regional managers to gain an understanding of local issues and challenges and vice versa. This will help the company to align its goals and objectives both on an international local level and thus be more integrated in both spheres. Read more http//www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/nestle-case-study-assinemnt-marketin